Statistical Physics

There are 3 important distributions you should know about. This information may one day save your life.

1) Maxwell-Boltzman distribution.
2) Bose-Einstein distribution.
3) Fermi-Dirac Distribution.

You use these when you want to deal with an ensemble of particles. Not one electron around a hydrogen nucleus but moles of electrons on the surface of a conducting sphere. These distributions have differences in how and when you use them but the all do essentially the same thing for you: They describe the energy states of particles as a function of temperature. Do note the difference between temperature and heat as it is a significant one in thermodynamics.